在中医药现代化进程中，标准化至关重要。天津中医药大学标准化研究所近期在针灸权威期刊《中华针灸电子杂志》发布“针灸标准化”专栏。该杂志由国家卫健委主管，中华医学会主办，自 2012 年创刊起，就以展示前沿成果、促进学术交流为己任。此次专刊是研究所长期深耕的成果，涵盖针灸理论、临床操作等多方面研究，对针灸学科规范化意义重大。现在，让我们一同深入了解这份专刊。
1.中医针灸标准化基本理论和方法的探索与实践
作者信息：郭义¹²³，陈泽林¹²³，赵雪¹²³，杨毅¹²³，徐泽成¹²
301617天津中医药大学实验针灸学研究中心１；301617天津市中医药标准化研究所2；300381天津， 国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心3
中文引用格式：郭义，陈泽林，赵雪，等. 中医针灸标准化基本理论和方法的探索与实践[J]. 中华针灸电子杂志，2024, 13(4): 133-139.
英文引用格式：Guo Y, Chen ZL, Zhao X, et al. Exploration and practice of basic theories and methods in the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture[J]. Chin J Acu Mox (Electronic Edition), 2024, 13(4): 133-139.
中文摘要：中医药标准化是新时代中医药事业高质量发展的战略支撑。针对中医针灸标准化起步阶段所遇到的瓶颈问题，系统梳理中医针灸标准化建设中的十大核心关系，创建“多证合一，辨证举荐”的中医针灸标准研制方法，提出古代文献和专家经验的评价分级标准与推荐方法。基于“三主三辅”提出中医治未病指南推荐方案的遴选方法，根据层次分析法提出中医针灸标准适用性的量化评价方法，产出了系列实践成果。在此基础上，挖掘《论语》中的标准化思想，探索构建中医针灸标准化的基本原则与体系框架，创建中医针灸标准化的多维人才培养模式和宣贯体系。最终形成中医针灸标准化的战略发展规划。以上构建了中医针灸标准研制、应用、评价及修订的闭环研究范式，为中医针灸标准化研究提供方法论参考，提升中医针灸标准编写的质量和水平。
英文摘要：The standardization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the strategic support for the high-quality development of TCM in the new era. Regarding the bottleneck problems encountered in the initial stage of TCM acupuncture and moxibustion standardization, ten core relationships involved in the construction of TCM acupuncture and moxibustion standardization were systematically summarized. We established the methods for developing TCM acupuncture and moxibustion standards of "multi-syndrome integration syndrome differentiation and recommendation". Furthermore, we proposed standards for evaluating and grading ancient literature and expert experience along with methods for recommendation. Based on the "three main and three auxiliary", we also proposed a selection method of the recommended plan of the disease prevention guidelines and a quantitative evaluation method for the applicability of TCM acupuncture and moxibustion standards according to the analytic hierarchy process, resulting in a series of practical outcomes. Therefore, we put forward the fundamental principles and system framework of TCM acupuncture standardization and the multi-dimensional talent training model and implementation framework of TCM acupuncture standardization derived from the standardization thought in the Analects of Confucius. Finally, we formulated a strategic development plan for the standardization of TCM acupuncture and moxibustion. The above practice constructs a closed-loop research paradigm for the development, application, evaluation, and revision of TCM acupuncture and moxibustion standards, providing a methodological reference for TCM acupuncture and moxibustion standardization research and thereby improving the quality and level of TCM acupuncture and moxibustion standards.
2. 基于针灸临床实践指南制定的古代医家经验作用价值分析
作者信息：赵楠琦¹，武晓冬¹，牟东晓¹，丁楠¹，胡静¹
100700 北京， 中国中医科学院针灸研究所
中文引用格式：赵楠琦，武晓冬，牟东晓，等. 基于针灸临床实践指南制定的古代医家经验作用价值分析[J]. 中华针灸电子杂志，2024, 13(4): 140-144.
英文引用格式：Zhao NQ, Wu XD, Mou DX, et al. Analyzing the value of ancient clinicians' experience in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical practice guidelines[J]. Chin J Acu Mox (Electronic Edition), 2024, 13(4): 140-144.
中文摘要：在针灸指南制定过程中，常面临因缺乏临床研究证据而难以产生推荐的困境。以古籍文献为载体的古代医家经验，同时也是临床研究中治疗方案的源头。从针灸指南对证据整合利用的需求角度分析，古代医家经验对现代临床的指导价值体现在：针灸经典理论高度概括，能够启发治疗思路；针灸病案诊疗记录较为细致，能够启发治疗方案形成；针灸诊疗操作记录较为实用，能够发挥示教作用。若能判断出某一临床研究中的治疗方案与古代医家经验中的治疗方法相关，即可作为临床研究中治疗方案的证据补充，为治疗方案的来源提供佐证，反映治疗方案的成熟程度和特异性疗效。目前，针灸指南制定方法缺乏对古代医家经验的检索和评价方法，使其难以在指南中应用，建议重视古代医家经验评价和应用方法的研究，使其成为针灸临床实践指南证据体的重要组成部分。
英文摘要：In the development of acupuncture-moxibustion guidelines, the lack of robust clinical research evidence presents a significant methodological challenge to support strong recommendations. Regarding the demand for evidence integration and utilization in acupuncture-moxibustion guidelines, ancient clinicians' experience has potential values in clinical practice. The classical acupuncture-moxibustion theory, though highly generalized, is rich in insights that can inspire treatment strategies. Furthermore, detailed case records from ancient clinicians provide valuable precedents for developing treatment protocols, while records of manipulation techniques offer practical guidance that can be instructive in modern practice. In clinical research, the experience of ancient clinicians can serve as an important source for designing interventions and may act as supplementary evidence supporting the efficacy and specificity of various treatments. However, integrating this experience into contemporary guidelines is currently hindered by the absence of established screening and evaluation methods. Therefore, we suggest the development of systematic methods for evaluating and applying ancient clinicians' experience, thereby incorporating them into the body of evidence for acupuncture-moxibustion clinical practice guidelines.
3.国家标准《针灸技术操作规范 第5部分：拔罐》转化为WFAS国际标准的经验与思考
作者信息：李彧嘉¹，陈泽林¹²³⁴，郭义¹²³⁴，李丹¹²³⁴，闻昊阳¹，王子淇¹，付天聪¹，赵雪¹²³⁴，郭扬³⁵，杨毅³⁴⁶，陈波¹²³⁴，赵天易¹²⁷
301617 天津中医药大学实验针灸学研究中心１，针灸推拿学院２， 针灸标准化研究所４， 文化与健康传播学院６， 中医学院7； 300381 天津， 国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心３；300381 天津中医药大学第一附属医院针灸部５
中文引用格式：李彧嘉，陈泽林，郭义，等. 国家标准《针灸技术操作规范 第5部分：拔罐》转化为WFAS国际标准的经验与思考[J]. 中华针灸电子杂志，2024, 13(4): 145-148.
英文引用格式：Li YJ, Chen ZL, Guo Y, et al. Experiences and reflections on the transformation of Standardized Manipulation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Part V, Cupping into WFAS international standard[J]. Chin J Acu Mox (Electronic Edition), 2024, 13(4): 145-148.
中文摘要：标准的转化是中国标准走向国际的必由之路，随着针灸走向世界，亟需包括拔罐在内的针灸国际标准支持。中国于2008年发布了国家标准GB/T 21709.5—2008《针灸技术操作规范 第5部分：拔罐》，并在2023年成功转化为世界针灸学会联合会（WFAS）发布的标准WFAS 006.9—2023《针灸技术操作规范 拔罐》。以GB/T 21709.5—2008转化为WFAS 006.9—2023为例，通过对比分析国家标准与WFAS国际标准在制定方法、操作细节、消毒要求、注意事项和禁忌等方面的差异，回答了国内标准向国际标准转化过程中如何满足国际需求、解决技术差异、确保标准的国际性和适用性等关键问题，并强调了熟悉国际标准制定程序、达成国际共识以及以国际组织名义发布的重要性。
英文摘要：Transformation of standards is the way for Chinese standards to go international. As acupuncture continues to spread worldwide, there is an urgent need for international standards to support practices such as cupping. In 2008, China issued the national standard GB/T 21709.5-2008 Standardized Manipulation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Part V, Cupping, which was successfully converted into the WFAS 006.9-2023 Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Cupping standard issued by the World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies (WFAS) in 2023. Taking the conversion of GB/T 21709.5-2008 into WFAS 006.9-2023 as an example, this paper compares and analyzes the differences between the national standard and the WFAS international standard in terms of formulation methods, operational details, disinfection requirements, precautions, and contraindications. It addresses key issues in the conversion process, such as how to meet international needs, resolve technical differences, and ensure the international applicability and relevance of the standards. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding international standardization procedures, reaching international consensus, and issuing standards under the authority of international organizations.
4.世界针灸学会联合会针灸国际标准建设的概况与思考
作者信息：王超¹，许耘箔²，许书嘉³，黄杏贤⁴
100061 北京，世界针灸学会联合会秘书处学术部１；518101 深圳市宝安纯中医治疗医院质量管理部２；510120广州，广东省中医院针灸科３；518033深圳市中医院针灸科４
中文引用格式：王超，许耘箔，许书嘉，等. 世界针灸学会联合会针灸国际标准建设的概况与思考[J]. 中华针灸电子杂志，2024, 13(4): 149-152.
英文引用格式：Wang C, Xu YF, Xu SJ, et al. Thoughts on international standard construction of acupuncture and moxibustion of World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies[J]. Chin J Acu Mox (Electronic Edition), 2024, 13(4): 149-152.
中文摘要：通过总结世界针灸学会联合会针灸国际标准研制的概况，分析标准的特点，发现针灸国际标准的数量逐渐增多，涉及领域逐步扩大。现阶段发布的标准以基础标准为主，主要为技术操作规范及临床实践指南，后期应重视标准的宣贯和实施评估。为进一步推进针灸国际标准建设提供依据，促进针灸疗法的应用与推广，总结申报标准的注意事项，供标准工作者参考。
英文摘要：This paper summarizes the development of acupuncture international standards by the World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies (WFAS), analyzes the characteristics of these standards, and observes the gradual increase in their number and the expansion of their scope. The current published standards mainly focus on foundational aspects, including technical operation guidelines and clinical practice protocols. In the future, greater emphasis should be placed on the dissemination and implementation assessment of these standards. Additionally, this paper outlines key considerations for submitting standards, providing a reference for those involved in standardization efforts. We aim to support the further development of acupuncture international standards, thereby facilitating the broader application and promotion of acupuncture therapy.
5.浅析《世界卫生组织中医药国际标准术语》英译策略及方法
作者信息：程雅涵¹，桑珍²
201203 上海中医药大学外语教学中心１；200021 上海中医药大学附属曙光医院中医药国际标准化研究所２
中文引用格式：程雅涵，桑珍. 浅析《世界卫生组织中医药国际标准术语》英译策略及方法[J]. 中华针灸电子杂志，2024, 13(4): 153-158.
英文引用格式：Cheng YH, Sang Z. Translation strategies and methods of WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Chinese Medicine[J]. Chin J Acu Mox (Electronic Edition), 2024, 13(4): 153-158.
中文摘要：《世界卫生组织中医药国际标准术语》是世界卫生组织总部第一次正式向194个成员国发布的中医药术语英译标准，此标准的发布是中国中医术语英译标准化、国际化的一大进步，有力地促进了中医药文化的国际传播。鉴于当前中医药术语英译标准仍有完善空间，翻译策略和方法选择需要进一步明确，遂通过分析此术语集的文本类型、制定过程及背景，对其与《西太区传统医学名词术语国际标准》进行多维度的比较研究，结合具体案例探讨并归纳其翻译策略及翻译方法，以期为进一步完善中医术语的英译标准提供启示。
英文摘要：The World Health Organization's International Standard Terminology for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), also known as the TCM Glossary, is the first official English translation of TCM terminology issued by WHO to its 194 member states. This standard marks a significant milestone in the standardization and internationalization of TCM terminology in China and has played a key role in promoting TCM culture globally. However, there is still room for improvement in the current English translation of TCM terminology. Therefore, a comprehensive comparative study of the TCM Glossary and the International Standard for Terms and Terminology of Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region (ISTTTM) has been conducted by analyzing the type of terms, their formulation process, and the underlying frameworks. This study explores and summarizes the translation strategies and methods used, along with specific cases, to provide a foundation for further enhancements to the English translation standard of TCM terminology.
6.《蜂针疗法技术操作规范》标准解读与应用建议
作者信息：杜永琪¹，熊俊²，汪正凡¹，李逸成²，杨爽²，余婷²，宋采秋²，周敏²
330004南昌，江西中医药大学研究生院１；330006南昌大学第二附属医院中医科２
中文引用格式：杜永琪，熊俊，汪正凡，等. 《蜂针疗法技术操作规范》标准解读与应用建议[J]. 中华针灸电子杂志，2024, 13(4): 159-163.
英文引用格式：Du YQ, Xiong J, Wang ZF, et al. Interpretation of the standards and application recommendations of the Standardized Manipulation of Bee Acupuncture Therapy[J]. Chin J Acu Mox (Electronic Edition), 2024, 13(4): 159-163.
中文摘要：蜂针疗法历史悠久，作为一种传统的中医疗法，其具有独特优势，在临床中应用广泛。为推动针灸特色技术的研究与应用，保证治疗过程中患者和医师的安全，促进蜂针疗法的规范化发展，从《蜂针疗法技术操作规范》的研制意义、术语与定义、施蜂前准备、蜂针的皮试、操作方法、注意事项等方面进行解读。同时，分析该标准在蜜蜂管理、穴位选择、操作规范、应急处理等临床应用中遇到的问题，为蜂针疗法的临床应用提供建议，从而为临床实践者提供参考。
英文摘要：Bee acupuncture therapy is one of the traditional Chinese medicine therapies with a long history and has been widely used in clinical practice with unique advantages. This paper introduces the significance of the development of the Standardized Manipulation of Bee Acupuncture Therapy and interprets terminology and definitions, pre-treatment preparation, skin testing for bee stings, operational methods, and precautions, etc. Additionally, issues encountered in clinical applications such as bee management, acupuncture point selection, operational standards, and emergency procedures are discussed to provide recommendations for clinical practitioners.
7.针刺应用于术后肠麻痹的研究进展
作者信息：蔡雨玲¹，王刚²，江志伟²
210029 南京中医药大学１；210029南京中医药大学附属医院普外科２
中文引用格式：蔡雨玲，王刚，江志伟. 针刺应用于术后肠麻痹的研究进展[J]. 中华针灸电子杂志，2024, 13(4): 164-168.
英文引用格式：Cai YL, Wang G, Jiang ZW. Research progress of acupuncture in the treatment of postoperative ileus[J]. Chin J Acu Mox (Electronic Edition), 2024, 13(4): 164-168.
中文摘要：术后肠麻痹（POI）是外科手术后由于非机械原因影响，胃肠道运动暂时性延迟，造成无法经口进食的临床现象，可分为短暂的神经源性阶段和持续的炎症阶段。胃肠运动功能的延迟康复，会增加并发症的发生率，延长患者住院天数，增加经济负担。药物治疗、微创技术以及加速康复外科（ERAS）的出现在POI的预防和治疗方面取得了一些效果，但POI仍然是一个具有挑战性的临床问题。针刺作为传统医学的重要组成部分，对胃肠道运动具有良性的双向调节作用。目前，运用针刺促进围手术期胃肠动力已成为热点，然而相关机制研究报道较少，结合ERAS理念就针刺改善POI的机制进行总结，旨在为临床上针刺治疗POI提供理论依据。
英文摘要：Postoperative ileus (POI) is a clinical phenomenon characterized by delayed gastrointestinal motility after surgery due to non-mechanical factors, resulting in the inability to ingest orally. POI can be divided into a transient neurogenic phase and a persistent inflammatory phase. Delayed recovery of gastrointestinal motility increases the incidence of complications, prolongs hospital stay, and raises the economic burden on patients. While pharmacological treatments, minimally invasive techniques, and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have shown some effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of POI, it remains a challenging clinical issue. Acupuncture, as an important component of traditional medicine, exerts a bidirectional regulatory effect on gastrointestinal motility. Currently, the use of acupuncture to promote gastrointestinal motility during the perioperative period has become a hot topic. However, reports on the underlying mechanisms are limited. This paper aims to summarize the mechanisms by which acupuncture improves POI in the context of ERAS protocols to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical use of acupuncture in the treatment of POI.
8. 针灸干预乳腺癌辅助激素疗法后血管舒缩症状的病例注册登记设计探讨
作者信息：李家山¹²，郭义¹³，杨卓欣⁴，黄杏贤⁴，李紫岩¹²，赵天易³⁵，何丽云²
301617 天津中医药大学实验针灸学研究中心１， 中医药标准化研究所３， 中医学院５；100700 北京， 中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所２；518033 深圳市中医院针灸科４
中文引用格式：李家山，郭义，杨卓欣，等. 针灸干预乳腺癌辅助激素疗法后血管舒缩症状的病例注册登记设计探讨[J]. 中华针灸电子杂志，2024, 13(4): 171-174.
英文引用格式：Li JS, Guo Y, Yang ZX, et al. Discussion and analysis on case registry study of acupuncture for vasomotor symptoms about breast cancer[J]. Chin J Acu Mox (Electronic Edition), 2024, 13(4): 171-174.
中文摘要：乳腺癌患者在接受辅助激素疗法后常伴随血管舒缩症状等不良反应，影响生活质量。针灸疗法常被用于缓解症状，但其优效性评估仍受到随机对照研究设计的局限。病例注册登记研究作为真实世界研究的一部分，为制定个性化的针灸诊疗方案提供更多可能。研究探讨了针灸干预乳腺癌相关血管舒缩症状的病例注册登记研究设计要点和实施经验，涵盖制定纳入排除标准、招募医师患者、组建研究团队、数据分析及质量控制等方面。尽管针灸病例注册登记研究面临设计和实施中的诸多挑战，但也提供了一种新的临床研究思路，对针灸治疗癌症及相关并发症的真实世界证据具有重要意义。
英文摘要：Vasomotor symptoms and other side effects are prevalent among breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant hormone therapy, significantly affecting their quality of life. Acupuncture is commonly used to alleviate these symptoms, but its effectiveness assessment is still limited by the design of randomized controlled trials. As part of real-world studies, case registry studies provide more possibilities for developing personalized acupuncture protocols. This study explores the design essentials and implementation experience of case registry studies on acupuncture intervention for breast cancer-related vasomotor symptoms, covering the formulation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, recruitment of physicians and patients, establishment of research teams, data analysis, and quality control. Despite many challenges in the design and implementation of acupuncture case registry studies, they offer a new perspective for clinical research, which is of great significance for real-world evidence of acupuncture treatment for cancer and related complications.